排油注氮灭火装置控制系统设计研究

电力变压器是电力系统安全稳定运行的关键,也是电网中最重要的一次设备。正常运行时,继电保护装置能为变压器安全提供可靠保障。然而针对变压器内部故障可能引发的火灾和爆炸恶性事故,采用排油注氮装置是目前最常用的手段之一。控制系统设计是保证排油注氮装置可靠工作的关键。首先介绍了排油注氮装置的工作原理,然后从双重化架构、自动启动逻辑、其他辅助措施等方面对控制系统的设计进行了研究,并提出了改进的超压启动判据,保证控制系统能够更加灵活的适应不同的压力变化情况。     

Adaptive intelligent techniques for microgrid control systems: A survey

This paper introduces a survey on the adaptive and intelligent methods that have been applied to microgrids systems. Interestingly, the adaptive technique is effectively exercised in various control issues including stability, tracking error, and parameter uncertainties. Adaptive control has been extremely developed by using intelligent algorithms to automatically tune the control parameters namely fuzzy logic, particle swarm optimization, bacterial search algorithm, and etc. The objective is to evaluate and classify the design control methods and evaluation algorithms for the microgrid systems to maintain stability, reliability, and load variations by adjusting the controller parameters especially in standalone operation mode. The stability of islanded microgrids are constantly impacted by the related loads. A significant part of the research on an islanded microgrid involves droop control technique. In normal operation, distributed generation units and storage units provide power quality control. Once a shutdown is occurred, microgrid can be isolated from the main grid and operate in a local grid to support the local loads. Thus, distributed generations co-operate storage units to sustain the stability of the islanded microgrid.     

共轨压力PID控制器的实现与仿真

通过设计程序,针对不同工况,完成了PID参数的整定,实现了压力的快速稳定和共轨压力的采集及轨压处理。设计了高精度定闸门连续测量法与量化时延法相结合的测量方法,推算出误差公式,在CPLD中完成了程序设计,模拟仿真表明能够满足设计要求。     

基于PLC的智能投币机辨伪系统设计

针对近些年来公交车投币箱出现大量假币、残币等不良现象,且智能投币机的自动化程度需进一步提高,本文综合应用多种传感器对投入的硬币和纸币信号进行采集,首次采用PLC来作为整个系统辨伪的核心,设计出了能同时辨伪1元硬币和纸币的PLC硬件系统和软件流程.通过多组实验对系统进行了测试,结果验证了此系统辨伪程度高,运行稳定,灵活性好,准确率达到了97％,可以应用到无人售票公交车上.     

Low end‐to‐end delay fuzzy networking protocol for mobile wireless sensing

Because of the practical limitations of the energy and processing capabilities, the deployment of many Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is facing two main challenges of increasing network lifetime and reducing End to End Delay (EED) which become critical when the nodes are mobile and use non‐rechargeable energy sources. One way to help to extend network lifetime is using fuzzy logic in a form of artificial intelligence. To this end we propose a new routing protocol for using mobile WSNs, which holds the nodes in an equal level of energy and decreases energy dissipation of the network. An optimum path is selected based on the cost of each node to increase network lifetime. In order to lessen EED, we also attempt to design a novel zoning‐scheme for the network area. In this scheme, zonation is dynamic and works based on the Data Link (DL) position. The simulation result shows a significant improvement in lifetime and EED by proposed protocol compared with existing protocols. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

改进型1030 MW超临界机组高加撤出的保护探讨及优化

某改进型1030 MW机组在国内属首次创新应用,制造厂家认为当高加系统撤出后,由于通流的增加可能导致过负荷从而影响机组安全运行,原机组保护逻辑中规定了当高加撤出后若机组负荷大于1030 MW延时1 min,或大于1106 MW延时10 s后触发机组主保护。上述定值并未经过实际工程考验,为了提高机组运行的可靠性和安全性,在对保护逻辑进行确认和优化的基础上,安排了800 MW工况下的高加跳闸试验。试验后对相关数据进行了分析核算,进一步完善了相关控制逻辑和定值,确定了该机组高加撤出保护的实施方案。同时也对各型机组在高加跳闸工况下的危险点进行了分析总结。     

An Evaluation of Different Controllers Based on the Network Frequency Maintenance Strategy for a Large and Multi-control-area Interconnected Power System

Abstract—Maintaining the network frequency at its nominal value due to the load changes is one of the most important issues in the control and operation schedule of a large and multi-area interconnected power system. For the effective control solution, two types of tie-line bias control strategy-based controllers have been applied, i.e., classical and improved controllers. The classical controllers using conventional regulators, including integral, proportional–integral and proportional-integral-derivative, have achieved initial control results to bring the steady state back to the network. However, due to the very poor control features (e.g., large overshoots and long settling times), they need to be replaced with improved controllers, such as fuzzy logic and artificial neural network. To obtain an entire evaluation of the application of different load-frequency controllers, a five-control-area interconnected power system was built as a typical case study. Three improved controllers using proportional-plus-integral-based fuzzy logic and artificial neural network-based non-linear autoregressive moving average (NARMA-L2) architectures as well as their hybrid combination will also be investigated in this study. Simulation results obtained reveal that the improved controllers have obtained smaller overshoots (from 13.95 to 84.18%) and shorter settling times (from 19.91 to 65.71%) compared with the classical controllers.     

Fuzzy Logic-based Electrothermal Life Model for Inverter-fed Induction Motor Insulation

Pulse width modulated adjustable speed drives used in industries lead to significant advantages in terms of performance, size, and efficiency. But, the output voltage and the current waveforms become non-sinusoidal leading to an increase in voltage and thermal stresses. This results into accelerated insulation aging and premature failure of the motors. With multiple stresses, the life models for insulating materials become complex and ambiguous. This article presents the fuzzy logic application to derive an electrothermal life model to investigate the synergic effects of voltage and thermal stresses on intrinsic aging of inverter-fed induction motor insulation. Three parameters, viz. voltage stress factor, waveform slope stress factor, and spike frequency factor, are proposed to describe the insulation stresses for pulse width modulated voltages. These parameters are computed from the experimental results at different switching frequencies and are used in fuzzy logic-based life estimation algorithms. The results of the fuzzy logic life model are verified by performing the accelerated aging test with the same pulse width modulated voltages on paper insulation. An electrothermal life model is derived from the fuzzy logic results, which can be directly used for the life estimation of any general purpose low-voltage inverter-fed induction motor insulation.     

Hybrid Fuzzy-particle Swarm Optimization-simplex (F-PSO-S) Algorithm for Optimum Design of PM Drive Couplings

This paper aimed at exploring the use of the proposed hybrid Fuzzy-Particle Swarm Optimization-Simplex (F-PSO-S) algorithm to optimize the structural design of PM couplings subject to several key design constraints. The new proposed hybrid optimization algorithm is constructed based on combining three well-known techniques: fuzzy logic (FL), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and simplex method (SM). FL is used to aggregate different scaling and/or conflicting objectives in one objective function using fuzzy combination operators. On the other hand, the PSO has obvious capabilities in global search whereas the SM has exceptional advantages in local search. As a hybrid algorithm, the F-PSO-S has the outstanding feature of combining the ability of global searching and local canvassing for different scales and/or conflicting objective functions. The proposed algorithm has been applied to permanent magnet (PM) drive couplings. A standard coupling design is used as a good initial point for the conventional SM and to define the performance constraints for the proposed optimization technique. New coupling designs are developed and optimized to show the superior capabilities of the F-PSO-S algorithm as a global optimization technique. The sensitivity analysis is also performed to identify the effects of different design parameters on the coupling performance.     

基于IEC 61850的主动配电网故障自恢复多代理系统

鉴于分布式能源(DER)在电力系统中的渗透率不断上升,可孤岛运行的DER对配电网馈线故障及恢复供电有新的影响,为此提出一种基于IEC 61850的主动配电网(ADN)故障自恢复多代理系统(MAS)。该MAS由部署在馈线分段开关上的领导代理和馈线其他元件上的成员代理组成。重点基于IEC 61850的信息模型研究了自治区域代理之间的功能布局和通信流程,故障区域通过代理之间的通信与协商完成故障定位、隔离和供电恢复。MAS考虑了ADN架构和各区域负荷供电特性,并顾及与IEC 61850在ADN中的兼容性和适用性。仿真结果表明所提MAS满足ADN中各设备之间的互操作性和可配置性,确保ADN供电恢复的可靠性和安全性。